The majority of people associate ancient civilizations with the Greeks and Romans. Of course, it makes sense. Whether it be through their enduring social, cultural, or political impacts, both have influenced modern society in some manner. 

But before the Greeks and Romans left their mark on human history, there were scores of other civilizations. This post will further walk you through the 4 great civilizations of the world. Let’s get started!

What are the 4 great civilizations of the world?

The Indus Valley Civilization (Circa 3300 BCE – 1900 BCE)

The Indus Valley Civilization was the most extensive in the ancient world, spanning 1.25 million kilometers from what is now Afghanistan and Pakistan to northwest India. The first humans settled in agricultural communities around the Indus River valley. Historians often date the earliest indications of urbanism around 3300 BCE. The Indus Valley Civilization was flourishing by 2500 BCE, with its inhabitants residing in several large, highly developed urban centers. There is proof that homes formerly had individual restrooms, which connected to an elaborate subterranean drainage system.

The inhabitants in the area used a writing system. They excelled in mathematics as well. Even more astonishing is the fact that archaeologists have not discovered any evidence of battle or widespread violence. They are thought to have survived for about 700 years without armor or weapons. Rather, they were peaceful people who had friendly trading relations with nearby civilizations. Maybe their lack of enthusiasm for fighting contributed to their defeat at the hands of invaders from Central Asia. However, other historians assert that a massive flood was the cause of their extinction.

Mesopotamia (Circa 3500 BCE – 500 BCE)

Academics had the long-held belief that Mesopotamia was the birthplace of civilization. Its name translates to "between (meso) rivers (potamos")" as it is situated between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers. As of right now, the area includes Syria, Turkey, Iraq, and Kuwait. The early humans lived in tiny towns for thousands of years before, about 8000 BCE, they began to disperse into farming groups. Constructed on arable terrain, the concept of agriculture expeditiously evolved in tandem with the taming of fauna. Around 3500 BCE, these villages grew into what are now known as cities, with Uruk being the first. It was home to about fifty thousand people at its peak.

Jiahu (Circa 7000 BCE – 5700 BCE)

The Jiahu village is located in what's now the Henan Province, that's the center of historical China. This settlement's population belonged to the oldest recognised civilization inside the state. 

Apart from the typical archaeology discoveries like tools and ceramics, researchers have additionally discovered files containing the primary acknowledged times of Chinese writing and proof that the Chinese had been the makers of the sector's oldest wine. The bone flute, which is regarded as the earliest functional musical instrument, was one of the most amazing finds. These flutes have been likely made on unique occasions; they had been usually crafted from the wing bone of a crane.

The Indigenous Peoples Of Australia (Circa 50,000 BCE)

Prior to the creation of European colonists, the indigenous peoples of Australia inhabited each mainland and its islands. Most human beings agree that they originated in Southeast Asia while land bridges have been extra tremendous and sea tiers have been lower. They are the arena's oldest civilization, according to the investigation. The oldest human remains date from around 50,000 years ago, but conflicting proof points to a probable human ancestry from as early as 80,000 years in the past.

The indigenous peoples of Australia had been hunter-gatherers who, notwithstanding their nomadic lifestyle, had near links to sure areas of what they'll have the concept of as domestic. Upon their arrival, Europeans spoke over 200 languages and conquered the whole continent.