Highlights

- Chittaranjan Das was born on November 5, 1870, in Calcutta, British India.
- He was a lawyer, politician, and a leading figure in the Indian independence movement.
- Das played a crucial role in the Swadeshi Movement, advocating for the use of indigenous products and boycott of British goods.
- He founded the nationalist newspaper "Bande Mataram" in 1906, which became a platform for promoting the idea of self-rule.
- Das was a staunch supporter of Swaraj (self-rule) and worked closely with prominent leaders like Bal Gangadhar Tilak and Bipin Chandra Pal.
- He participated in the Indian National Congress and was elected its president in 1921, during the Non-Cooperation Movement led by Mahatma Gandhi.
- Das resigned from the Congress in 1922 due to differences in approach towards the movement's tactics.
- He then formed the Swaraj Party in 1923 along with Motilal Nehru and others, with the objective of seeking self-government within the British Empire.

The history of India's struggle for independence is replete with countless unsung heroes who dedicated their lives to the cause. One such remarkable figure was Chittaranjan Das, an ardent nationalist and a prominent lawyer. Fondly known as Deshbandhu (Friend of the Nation), Das played a pivotal role in shaping the Indian independence movement during the early 20th century. His unyielding commitment to the ideals of justice, freedom, and self-governance made him an influential leader and an inspiration to many. This view delves into the life and legacy of Chittaranjan Das, a true patriot and one of the foremost voices of India's fight against British colonial rule.

Early Life and Education

Chittaranjan Das was born on November 5, 1870, in Kolkata, British India. Coming from a middle-class family, Das received his early education at the St. Xavier's School, Kolkata, and later pursued higher studies at the Presidency College. Known for his sharp intellect and exemplary academic performance, he went on to study law at the University of London, becoming a barrister in 1892.

Chittaranjan Das, fondly known as Deshbandhu, meaning "Friend of the Nation," had an illustrious legal career before he plunged into the freedom struggle. After completing his education in England, he returned to India and quickly rose to prominence as a lawyer. His exceptional oratory skills, coupled with his deep understanding of law and justice, earned him a reputation as one of the finest barristers of his time. Chittaranjan Das was not only committed to defending his clients but also had a burning desire to work for the welfare of the masses.

It was during the Swadeshi movement that Chittaranjan Das emerged as a prominent political figure. The movement, which aimed at boycotting British goods and promoting indigenous industries, struck a chord with Deshbandhu. He firmly believed that economic independence was the first step towards achieving political freedom. Chittaranjan Das played a significant role in mobilizing the masses, urging them to boycott British goods and support local industries. His persuasive speeches and tireless efforts inspired people from all walks of life to participate in the movement.

Legal Career and Nationalism

Returning to India, Chittaranjan Das embarked on a successful legal career, gaining recognition for his brilliant advocacy and his unwavering commitment to justice. However, his deep-seated love for his country eventually led him towards the path of nationalism. In 1905, when the British partitioned Bengal for administrative convenience, Das played a prominent role in the Swadeshi movement, which aimed at boycotting British goods and promoting indigenous industries.

Founding the Swaraj Party

In 1922, Chittaranjan Das, along with Motilal Nehru and other prominent leaders, founded the Swaraj Party, breaking away from the Indian National Congress. The party's primary objective was to secure self-rule for India within the British Empire. Das believed in achieving political independence through constitutional means and was known for his fierce opposition to the British government's repressive policies.

Das emerged as a brilliant orator, captivating audiences with his powerful speeches and unwavering determination. His vision for a free and prosperous India resonated deeply with the masses. He fought for the rights of the common man, advocating for the abolition of indentured labor, the empowerment of women, and the upliftment of the marginalized sections of society.

Non-Cooperation Movement and Imprisonment

Chittaranjan Das actively participated in the Non-Cooperation Movement launched by Mahatma Gandhi in 1920. He believed in peaceful resistance and urged Indians to boycott British institutions, including educational institutions and the civil services. However, the movement was abruptly called off after the Chauri Chaura incident, where a violent clash resulted in the death of several police officers.

In 1921, Das, along with several other leaders, was arrested and imprisoned for his involvement in the Non-Cooperation Movement. Despite facing physical hardships and the emotional toll of separation from his family, Das remained steadfast in his commitment to the cause of Indian independence.

Legacy and Conclusion

Chittaranjan Das's contribution to the freedom struggle cannot be overstated. He dedicated his entire life to fighting for the rights and dignity of the Indian people. His powerful advocacy, combined with his progressive ideas, paved the way for a more inclusive and egalitarian India.

Though he passed away at the young age of 55 in 1925, Das's legacy lives on. His relentless pursuit of freedom and justice continues to inspire generations of Indians to strive for a better future. His ideals laid the foundation for theIndian National Congressand set the stage for future leaders like Jawaharlal Nehru and Subhas Chandra Bose.

Chittaranjan Das, the true patriot and visionary leader, will forever be remembered as one of the key architects of India's struggle for independence. His unwavering determination, coupled with his deep love for his country, made him an icon of national unity and resilience. The story of Chittaranjan Das serves as a reminder that true patriotism transcends personal gain and stands firm in the face of adversity, inspiring others to rise and fight for justice and freedom.

Chittaranjan Das's most remarkable contribution to the Indian freedom struggle was his role in the formation of the Indian National Congress (INC). In 1916, he played a pivotal role in the Lucknow session of the Congress, where he successfully brought together the moderate and extremist factions, uniting the party under one common agenda of complete independence. This unity was instrumental in shaping the future course of the freedom movement and provided a strong platform for the leaders to fight for the nation's rights.

However, it was Chittaranjan Das's involvement in the Non-Cooperation Movement launched by Mahatma Gandhi in 1920 that truly exemplified his commitment to the cause of freedom. He gave up his flourishing legal practice and embraced the path of civil disobedience. Chittaranjan Das became a staunch advocate of non-violence and actively encouraged the masses to boycott British institutions, resign from government jobs, and refuse to pay taxes. Despite facing arrests and imprisonment, he remained steadfast in his pursuit of liberty, inspiring others to follow his lead.