Highlights

• Salim Ali, born on November 12, 1896, was an Indian ornithologist and naturalist known as the “Birdman of India.”
• He was born in Mumbai, India, and developed a passion for birds at a young age.
• Despite facing financial difficulties and the loss of his father, Ali pursued his interest in ornithology and started studying birds.
• In 1917, he went to Burma (now Myanmar) to work as a guide for a bird hunting expedition, but he later turned into a staunch advocate for bird conservation.
• Ali made significant contributions to the field of ornithology, discovering and documenting several bird species in India, including the Sri Lankan frogmouth and the Andaman crake.
• He conducted extensive field surveys across India, studying bird populations and their habitats.
• Ali played a crucial role in establishing the Bombay Natural History Society (BNHS) as a prominent organization for bird conservation and research in India.
• He wrote several books and research papers, including the influential "The Book of Indian Birds," which became a popular field guide for birdwatchers in the country.

In the vast realm of India's natural history, there are individuals whose passion and dedication have left an indelible mark. Among these remarkable figures is Salim Ali, fondly known as the "Birdman of India." Salim Ali's life and work have not only transformed the field of ornithology but also paved the way for environmental conservation in the country. Through his tireless efforts, Ali became a beacon of inspiration for future generations of naturalists, leaving behind a rich legacy that continues to thrive today.

Born on November 12, 1896, in Bombay (now Mumbai), Salim Ali's early life was marked by a deep fascination for nature. Growing up in a family that fostered his interests, Ali found solace in observing the world of birds. He would often spend hours exploring the local countryside, sketching and identifying various avian species. His father, Moizuddin, recognizing his son's keen interest, encouraged him to pursue his passion.

However, life took an unexpected turn when Ali contracted malaria at the age of ten, leaving him weak and bedridden for several months. It was during this period of confinement that Ali immersed himself in books on ornithology, widening his knowledge of birds and their habits. Little did he know that this seemingly unfortunate event would shape his destiny.

After recovering from his illness, Ali's passion for birds continued to flourish. In 1917, he embarked on his first field expedition to the Kutch region in western India. This experience proved to be a turning point in his life, igniting a lifelong pursuit of ornithology. Ali's unwavering determination led him to seek guidance from renowned naturalists and ornithologists, such as Dr. W. S. Millard and E. L. Kellogg. These mentors recognized Ali's exceptional talent and encouraged him to pursue formal education in the field.

Ali's academic journey took him to England, where he enrolled at the University of Cambridge. There, under the tutelage of eminent ornithologist David Lack, he honed his skills and expanded his knowledge of avifauna. His time in England proved to be transformative, as he immersed himself in the world of ornithology and scientific research. He developed a deep understanding of bird behavior, migration patterns, and ecology, which would become the cornerstone of his later work.

Upon returning to India in 1930, Ali dedicated himself to the study and conservation of birds. He embarked on extensive field surveys across the country, documenting avian diversity and establishing a network of fellow naturalists and birdwatchers. His pioneering research and meticulous observations laid the foundation for the first comprehensive bird guide of the Indian subcontinent, aptly titled "The Book of Indian Birds."

Salim Ali's passion for birds was not limited to scientific research alone; he ardently believed in the importance of environmental conservation. In the early 1970s, he actively campaigned against the rampant destruction of bird habitats and the indiscriminate use of pesticides. His efforts led to the establishment of the Bombay Natural History Society's (BNHS) Conservation Department, with Ali as its first chairman. This marked the beginning of a new era in environmental activism in India.

Ali's work extended beyond research and conservation; he was also deeply committed to sharing his knowledge and inspiring young minds. He played a pivotal role in establishing the Bharatiya Audyogik Shikshan Sansthan's (BASS) Nature Conservation Education Centre in Lonavala. Through this initiative, he aimed to educate and sensitize students and the general public about the importance of preserving India's natural heritage.

The numerous accolades and honors that Salim Ali received throughout his lifetime bear testament to his exceptional contributions. He was the recipient of prestigious awards such as the Padma Bhushan in 1958 and the Padma Vibhushan in 1976, both of which are among India's highest civilian honors. In 1973, he was elected as an honorary member of the American Ornithologists' Union, a testament to his global recognition and influence in the field of ornithology.

Salim Ali's impact extended far beyond his own lifetime. His books, research papers, and field guides continue to be valuable resources for ornithologists, birdwatchers, and nature enthusiasts alike. His work has inspired generations of young naturalists, fostering a love for birds and the natural world. Many of his protégés have gone on to become influential figures in their own right, furthering his legacy and contributing to the field of ornithology.

Ali's contributions to Indian ornithology are immeasurable. His surveys and research have resulted in the discovery and description of numerous bird species, and he played a crucial role in establishing several protected areas and bird sanctuaries across the country. His efforts were instrumental in raising awareness about the importance of conserving bird habitats and promoting sustainable practices to ensure their survival.

Beyond his scientific achievements, Salim Ali's character and humility endeared him to those who had the privilege of knowing him. He was known for his down-to-earth nature, readily sharing his knowledge and experiences with fellow researchers and enthusiasts. His passion and dedication were contagious, inspiring countless individuals to pursue careers in ornithology and environmental conservation.

Salim Ali passed away on June 20, 1987, but his legacy lives on. His contributions continue to shape the way we understand and appreciate the avian biodiversity of India. The Salim Ali Centre for Ornithology and Natural History (SACON), established in 1990, stands as a living testament to his vision and commitment. SACON serves as a research and training institution, carrying forward Ali's work and promoting the conservation of birds and their habitats.

Salim Ali's story is not only a testament to the power of individual passion and dedication but also a reminder of the importance of preserving our natural heritage. His tireless efforts, pioneering research, and unwavering commitment to bird conservation have left an indelible mark on India's natural history. As we look to the future, it is imperative that we continue to honor his legacy by valuing and protecting the rich biodiversity that surrounds us.

In the footsteps of the "Birdman of India," we must strive to be custodians of the natural world, promoting conservation, and fostering a deep appreciation for the birds and wildlife that share our planet. Salim Ali's story serves as a constant reminder that each one of us has the power to make a difference, no matter how big or small, in protecting the wonders of nature for generations to come.