History of oral hygiene

Willow and other tree chew sticks, as well as toothpaste made from ash, salt, and herbs.

Miswak sticks, which are arak tree twigs, were used in India. Miswak sticks contain natural antibacterial and anti-inflammatory compounds.

Ancient Greece and Rome used animal bristles as toothbrushes, toothpaste made from pumice, chalk, honey, and mouthwash prepared from wine and vinegar.

Christianity caused a deterioration in oral hygiene practices in Europe during the Middle Ages, as people ceased bathing and cleaning their teeth.